Disney’s Bob Iger: How acquisitions become an ecosystem, part 1

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We had ten years of rough stuff. Just Happened. Mm. And one could look back and

Try to figure out why and There's no sense doing that today. There's no value in it. But I had to fix it. And fix it fast.

That's Bob Iger. And the Wii he refers to as the Walt Disney Company. Since its founding in nineteen twenty three, Disney has presided over not one, but two golden ages of animation from Cinderella. To the Lion King. But in the early 2000s, computer generated animation threatened to overtake Disney's classic, hand-drawn style. Leading the charge was Steve Jobs Pixar.

You just have to look at a Pixar film and you see what technology has done to the quality of those films. There was a sense of urgency. So in my first board meeting as CEO I said to the board.

The first thing I have to do is fix Disney animation. Turn that into high quality branded content again. And when I laid out the best way to do it All paths led to Pixar. Bob was Disney's brand new CEO.

replacing the legendary Michael Eisner. But he didn't yet have the board's trust. Bob could sense an oncoming crisis. Not only was Disney bleeding market share to Pixar, they also didn't have the luxury of making enemies. Disney was also acting as Pixar's distributor at the time, and Disney's relationship with Steve Jobs was fraying.

I said to the board. W not only do we need to preserve the relationship with Pixar, we should buy them. Problem is they're probably not for sale. And if they are, they'll be a fortune. And there was silence in the room.

It was the critical moment for Bob if He could pull it off. It would buy him trust from the board, as well as a massive market advantage. If he failed, It would expose Disney as newly vulnerable in a category they had dominated since their founding.

It would almost certainly antagonize Steve Jobs. Right. When it was really important. Not. To do that.

After a two hour discussion about it. The board Which is you can't go out and buy it. But

We're not saying no. I was actually kind of Shocked. Brand new CEO. Some of them on the board voted against me and not only weren't sure about Pixar, weren't sure about me.

And so it led to my calling Steve. Which is so funny because No, I was very nervous. I was in my car. Remember it was a warm evening.

The windows closed because I was on the phone. I had stopped They had actually arrived at my house when I got'em on the phone. I was sweating. I got him on the phone and I said, I have a crazy idea for you. Would you mind if I come up and discuss it? Well, you knew Steve Jobs. If you said to Steve you had a crazy idea, he would have to hear it in a second.

He wouldn't even be able to look at his watch. He'd have to hear it. You know I'm thinking, well I'm gonna have the luxury of figuring out what my pitch is in a few days and then going up and giving it to him. Says no tell me now. I said, Well can't I wait and organize myself No, tell me now.

So I said, Well I think we should buy Pixar. And he said in that inimitable Steve way, you know Mm. That's not so crazy.

Why don't you come up and talk about it? And at the end of a very long meeting at Steve's offices in Emeryville, it was decided. That was in October of oh five. And we announced the deal I think in late January of oh six.

This would be the first of several blockbuster acquisitions Bob would mastermind on Disney's behalf. And it would prove to be a success. But what made the merger work was not just an alignment of goals, or even the friendship that developed between Bob and Steve. Rather It was giving Pixar the support and resources to grow.

Well, preserving what made them so special in the first place. I believe that building a global brand to last means turning acquisitions into an ecosystem. The best way for newly acquired properties to thrive is to protect What makes them unique?

You gotta have incredible talent at every position. There are fires burning when you're going out. Can you believe it? Such an idiot. And then you go back to this is truly gonna be amazing. There are so many easy ways. Sorry, we made a mistake. But you have to time it right. Ten years later I'm like, well that's just how you do it. We haven't made just how you do it. This

is masters of scale. I'm Reed Hoffman. Co-founder of LinkedIn. Partner Greylock. And your host.

And I believe that building a global brand to last means turning acquisitions into an ecosystem. The best way for newly acquired properties to thrive is to protect the What makes them unique? There's a classic horror film you might be acquainted with. The blob.

in which an alien life form absorbs every living thing in its path. growing bigger and more unruly with every fresh meal. If that sounds like an obvious metaphor for a corporate takeover, Well Sometimes that's what acquisitions look like.

One company swallows another without a trace left behind. Other times, mergers and acquisitions seem more like a sudden arranged marriage. Congratulations, Mr. Hoffman. Here's your new boss. Uh I'll guess I'll have to make it work.

But sometimes there are merges that look more like building a biodiverse ecosystem. where the company that's acquired doesn't disappear, but instead preserves its culture, its methods, and its core talent. It gets to keep everything that made it worth acquiring in the first place, while having vastly greater resources to scale. It will exist as part of an interconnected system. Or, as a certain Disney film might call it.

The circle of life. I wanted to talk to Bob Iger about this. Because as Disney CEO, he oversaw jaw dropping acquisitions. Pixar Marvel.

Lucas Film. Twenty first century Fox. Bob has demonstrated a clear genius at understanding acquisitions as more. than just corporate sprawl. He saw the need to shepherd and nurture each new property Disney acquired under his leadership.

He saw how each would fit into the Disney ecosystem without diluting or changing what made them valuable to begin with. And even if you're not looking at mergers as a tool to scale or looking to be acquired, Bob's story says a lot about building culture. Nurturing talent. And leveraging trust.

And now Gather round, mouseketeers. I can still remember it to this day. My grandparents took me to see Cinderella at a big movie theater in Brooklyn. I remember just the beautiful colours.

the color palette that World chose for that film. As a child growing up on Long Island. Bob's first impressions of Walt Disney himself revealed just how much the founder thought of his company as more than just an animation studio. So I think Cinderella came out the year I was born in fifty one. He brought out again in fifty four or fifty five, which is when I went to see it. Most of Walt's early films I saw on big theaters, even though it'd be made earlier.

and it enabled me to develop an appreciation for him. He was a performer too, so he was on TV weekly hosting his own show. And showing us what Disneyland was going to be. Even in the 1950s, Walt Disney was creating more than just a trademark set of mouse ears. Walt cared deeply about his legacy.

and about how each piece of his growing empire fit into the plan. There were feature films like Cinderella. That weekly TV show Bob mentioned. known as the Mickey Mouse Club. And

There was Disneyland. The theme park Disney would open in 1955. Every new manifestation of Walt's dream was meant to build love for the brand. Not just capitalize on it. And at the time, television was the perfect medium for it.

And kids like Bob were the perfect audience. I grew up really as the television generation. Born in nineteen fifty one, small black and white TV in everybody's living room. And saw not only the power of the medium. But what it was like to actually invite people into one's home, whether they were performing or whether they were reading the news.

But Bob's fascination with television extended far beyond being an honorary mousketeer. He imagine one day taking on a different role on the small screen. From an early age I wanted to be a television news anchor man. Walter Cronkite was kind of the anchor man in America at the time. He was my idol, and that's what I wanted to be. Bob pursued a degree in television at Ithaca College. After graduation.

He headed for the nearest studio. Which wasn't very far away. The job that I got out of college was as a feature news reporter and a weatherman. And it put me on the air five days a week in Ithaca, New York. The funny thing about it, Ithaca is upstate New York, where The weather can be capricious.

And someone said to me But being a weatherman in Ithaca taught me how to give people bad news. So I got a lot out of it. Doing that job Actually opened my eyes to the fact that I might not have been as

Good as I had hoped I was where I would need to be in order to fulfill my Ultimate fantasy. And so I pivoted And took a job at ABC. Abandoning his on-camera dreams and the inclement weather, Bob moved to New York City.

My first job at A B C was a production job. called a studio supervisor, which is the equivalent of a production assistant assigned to a studio No matter what show came into that studio.

So there were soap operas and there were game shows like I think it was ten thousand dollar pyramid. Inflation brought it up to a hundred thousand. There were news shows. I worked on the Harry Reisner. evening news show, there were specials, a Frank Sinatra concert. There was studio sports reporting. Just about everything.

A TV network is actually a pretty good analogy for how a multinational corporation is put together. Shows may share some staff and resources, but the show itself is its own entity. You wouldn't ask the leading lady on your soap opera to start acting more like the news anchor just because they're on the same network. Each. has their own role to play in the ecosystem of the network.

And yet the network still had to maintain a cohesive brand. That would get more complex when Capital Cities Communications bought ABC in nineteen eighty five. And then Disney bought capital cities a decade later.

By then, Bob had climbed his way straight up the ranks at ABC. I was president and COO of Capital City's ABC when Disney bought us in nineteen ninety five. And running a sprawling media empire that included ESPN and TV stations and publishing and radio assets, many of which we divested over the years. At that time Disney CO was the high profile Michael Eisner.

What Michael Eisner did is he enabled me to keep responsibilities over those assets that Disney bought. So it's still running ABC and ESPN, et cetera. But ultimately he gave me all of Disney television as well. So I had a seat at Michael's table. I was running a very big division. And I assume responsibilities of some of the businesses that had been Disney's. And was there a learning curve? I mean, you'd already been familiar with and enchanted by the Disney brand.

What was that integration like? Well, it was a steep learning curve, first of all I had never really experienced what it was like to manage a global brand. The brand was a galvanizing force that basically brought businesses together, even though they were different in nature, television and theme parks and movies. And Disney stores, for instance.

And I had never seen anything like that. Capital Cities was a highly decentralized, not tap down. Let the businesses run themselves. report into a whole which is the corporation. But day to day management was Very, very different.

And that actually made the Integration a little bit more difficult'cause it was just so different for Those of us at the ABC side of it that had never experienced anything like it. And was it that ABC had to learn to be Disney, or was there any productive fusion? Well, I think we had to learn more how to be Disney'cause they were the buyer and we were the bot.

Let's go back and review the tale of two acquisitions Bob just shared with us. First, capital cities, a decentralized conglomerate. Let the businesses run themselves, without much change to ABC's day to day operations. Then Disney under Michael Eisner with a very strong brand and management style to which ABC

had to adapt. Eisner's top down leadership style was somewhat notorious at the time. For example Disney had recently made a deal with New York City to revitalize Times Square. The so called disnification of forty second street sparked a major debate.

Some saw it as the embodiment of corporate assimilation. Others saw it as a testament to the Disney promise of tackling the impossible. Now ABC was about to be disnified too. Were they about to get swallowed?

By the blob? Not Exactly. There were qualities that we brought to Disney that I think proved over time to be quite valuable. There was a

camaraderie that existed. There was a respect for other businesses, other business leaders, there was a feeling that even though we managed ourselves separately, that the whole was greater than the sum of the parts, and we never felt we were in competition with one another. At Disney. The businesses competed to some extent with one another. And I think what we brought to the equation was sort of a much more collegial means of behaving. I think that proved real valuable.

to Disney over time. This is such an important insight. This Collegial means of behaving is a major part of what actually makes acquisitions work. Whether you happen to be the buyer.

or the bot. For the newly acquired property to thrive, its employees need to understand their value in the new ecosystem. They're not just there to raise the stock price of the parent company. They're there because they have something unique and important to contribute. And it's the parent company's job to communicate that.

This approach is something Bob held onto when he later became COO of Disney. And then in two thousand and five, when he was up for consideration to be CEO. What was your theory of the job? What did you say, this is what I need to do. Well it was a political campaign because I was campaigning against outside candidates Who all had a clean, you know, they could all come in. They were all bright, shiny, and new.

to the board'cause I was at the company and had been on the board and COO for five years, they knew me well, which meant they knew some of my strengths, but they knew what may have been perceived as weaknesses. What Bob is describing happens a lot in hiring. It's just human nature. It's very easy to be enchanted by the new.

The bright and shiny, as Bob said. It's usually only experience with someone that gives you the full shape of their talents, which includes the positives. and negatives. That's why one of my rules in referencing is if you haven't found a negative reference yet. then you haven't really finished your reference checking.

Because everyone has a negative reference. So that means you haven't actually gotten past the shiny new penny phase to figure out the substance underneath. I had to make a very strong case for myself. Fifteen interviews at least. Two with the whole board and at least one with each member of the board and one with their search firm even, which was

Talk about the indignity of it all. If Bob was gonna make it past all those shiny new pennies, he would need to do more than just reassure the board that he'd lead with a steady hand. He needed a bold new vision. Remember what Bob told us about the state of Disney earlier in the episode. We had ten years of rough stuff.

Just happened and one could look back and try to figure out why and there's no sense doing that today. There's no value in it. But I had to fix it and fix it fast. I felt I had to make a very cogent pitch. About What direction I'd take the company, what my priorities were.

There were three strategic priorities. One was And I know it's gonna sound Obvious, but let's put all of our capital into high quality branded content. Branded is critical there.

The second was let's embrace technology. as an opportunity for its potential Rather than looking at it as a threat. And the third was We needed to go global in a much more profound way.

Invest in branded content. Embrace technology. Go global. Keep an eye on these three priorities Bob set out. They weren't just part of his campaign speech.

They would also shape his acquisitions playbook. For the next fifteen years. I envisioned a world where technology would be so disruptive that it would allow for an explosion really of production, which results in more consumer choice. Which would mean more consumer choice. Quality would matter more. And brands would matter more.

So let's put almost all of our capital into the Disney brand. We were making Merrimax films and touchtone films and We were spreading our capital a little bit too widely. So I focused it. That one strategy is what gave birth to the acquisitions of Pixar, Marvel, and Lucas film. All high quality branded entertainment. When you've built substantial wealth through your business, it's often tied up in a single equity position.

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Lear more at creative plating dot com slash masters of scale. Hey listeners, Bob here. If you listen to Rapid Response on Masters of Scale, you may be missing half the show. Because every Friday we release a second rapid response exclusively in the Rapid Response feed. The guests and topics are just as compelling and timely from Ford CEO to NASA's administrator to the lessons from The Devil Wears Prada. It takes about 10 seconds to find, just search rapid response wherever you listen to podcasts and hit follow to make sure you never miss an episode. I hope to see you there.

Humans will never be more intelligent than AI. There's gonna be two types of companies. Those are great at AI and those that went out of business because they weren't. How do we build a future? That is human centered. I'm Rana El Calyubi. On my podcast Pioneers of AI, we answer that question and so many more. As an AI scientist, entrepreneur, and investor, I know what it takes to build AI that works for everyone.

Every week, I sit down with the pioneers shaping our future. And we take you behind the scenes of the AI that's transforming our lives. Find pioneers of AI wherever you tune in. We're back. with Disney's Bob Iger. When we left him, he was working to focus as well as build the Disney brand.

That didn't just mean shedding assets. But acquiring new ones. And that started. with Pixar. Interestingly enough

Steve helped me sell it to the board. Once I convinced Steve, Steve and I reached an agreement about what the deal would look like and how much it would cost and what kind of the rules would be, so to speak. Because there were many. He was so concerned about the future of Pixar as part of Disney, but once we agreed to that, he came down and met with the board.

And That was rather helpful. He was a pretty convincing salesman. Suddenly the Disney boy was in the room with the great Steve Jobs. That was a win right there. Well, one other conversation I've had with Bill Gates is he always had to Once some of his people had met with Steve Jobs, he had to like break them of a Pied Piper spell. You're like, No, no, no, back to reality. What was some of the conditions? Obviously the big condition, which was part of my pitch going in, was I wanted John

Lasseter and Ed Capmell, who would run Pixar. And turn it into what it was. I wanted them to run Disney animation. So I was going to say to them Your sandbox is doubling in size. Not only are you making great stuff

Uh Pixar, but you can come down and do that at Disney. And in John's case who had started Disney animation and was fired. And love Disney and Walt Disney. The opportunity that that provided for him to turn Disney animation around, which they did, by the way, and quickly

was enormous, and so they became salesmen for the deal too. This phase of Bob's pitch was critical to the success of the acquisition for two reasons. One, it was a perfect alignment of goals between Pixar and Disney. At essence. Everyone wanted the same thing, which was to make groundbreaking animation.

Doubling the size of your sandbox is a really great reason to keep playing in the sand. And two. It showed enormous faith in the way Pixar had already been doing things. Remember earlier in the show when Bob talked about the top-down management style that 1990s Disney had brought to ABC? That kind of disnification wouldn't fly in Emeryville.

So Bob made autonomy part of his pitch. Pixar was an extremely unique business and culture. Bringing that company into a larger company. Could potentially

Damage it's Creative abilities. let alone its morale and its people very easily. And so let's keep Pixar Pixar.

They don't have to change their email address to Disney. The sign on the door stays Pixar. There are elements even small ones like any new employee got a muffin on their first day of work. Okay, throw that in. They had a beer bash every month.

Okay, you know have as many beer badges as you want, have it every week. Exactly how it was. That was easy for me because I had been bought twice. A B C was bought by capital cities. And Capital City's ABC was bought by Disney. I knew what it was like becoming part of another company.

And how the buying entity could very, very quickly impact on the Selling entity and the cantity that was bought and destroy value. And so We actually had a social compact we called it, which was a separate piece of paper.

Which listed the things that we were going to preserve. Who were part of Pixar. It's a great document. I don't know if it was ever publicly filed. I have a copy of it somewhere. It's a great document. By the way, I of course went through something similar with LinkedIn and and Microsoft and and so I know exactly where of you speak in this stuff. And Satcha did similar things.

Sajya Nadella CEO of Microsoft Microsoft bought LinkedIn in 2017. Like no no. We want LinkedIn and Microsoft to each get the best of each other.

Not the worst, right, which can frequently happen. We talked about this concept in detail when I interviewed my successor as CEO at LinkedIn, Jeff Wiener. You can hear that conversation in our masters of scale episode. How to set the drum beat. Because the CO does set the drum beat for an organization, including all its acquired assets.

But that's not the same thing as dictating the tune or writing the entire song. The Pixar Disney merger. Remains a deal so well crafted it's taught in business schools across the country. And if it isn't, it really should be. but a couple of unfortunate events bear mentioning in this retelling.

In two thousand eighteen, John Lasseter was fired after a string of allegations of sexual harassment. Bob and I did not discuss that aspect of Pixar leadership. or that this was a result of maybe too much autonomy. The other event Was that five years into the partnership?

Steve Jobs. Succumb to cancer. We announced the Pixar deal from Pixar in Emeryville, California, near Berkeley. Beautiful campus. That uh Steve at Help Build.

And We were announcing it when the market closed, so just after one o'clock California time. And an hour before he asked me to take a walk. And I thought oh dear.

Like what's in store? And we sat on a bench on the Pixar campus, he put his arm behind me. I thought was interesting. And he said I'm gonna tell you something that only Lorraine, his wife and his doctor New at the time.

And that was that the cancer that he had had Some years earlier that he had been operated on and declared cured. was back in a different form. He said you can't tell anybody. I said, Well, why are you telling me?

And he said I'm giving you a chance to back out of the deal. I looked at my watch, by the time we had walked out of the building and sat down and he told me this, it's now thirty minutes to go time. And our boards have voted for it and we've notified the press that we have a press conference coming up. And

This is Talk about locked and loaded. I I actually didn't know what to do. And I said, Well I don't know how I would ever explain Getting out of this. When

I've been arguing with the board for three months to get in it. I changed my mind, I had a change of heart. What do I say? And I can't tell'em the truth. So I said I've got no choice. We're going through with this. I made a very quick decision while he was becoming our larger shareholder and a member of the board. He wasn't material. He was material to me, but not to the deal.

This may sound a bit cold, but it's actually a huge compliment to Steve and all he'd built. With this acquisition. Steve would be cementing his legacy and ensuring that Pixar would outlive him. But the question remained. Would this merger draw out the best?

And both the buyer and the bot. Luckily for all involved. The deal's success was evident almost immediately. Which was a huge relief to Disney's brand new CEO. Looking back, it was a genius first move. It probably

Very much helped. The board see That bold moves that you were directing could play out spectacularly. Is there anything you look back on the Pixar acquisition and say, I wish I did this one thing differently? No, uh actually not. I the only thing I wish I had done is I wish I had savored the moment even more.

Because when I you know, as I even talk about it today, I think wow, okay. We made a seven point three billion dollar acquisition really three months into my tenure as CEO. And it worked. Any way you look at it, it worked. Pixar's success continued. The culture of Pixar today is just as strong as it was back then. Disney animation has never been stronger. Look, it gave birth to

Frozen. And frozen too, and tangled and Big Hero Six and Moana and movies that won Academy Awards and did great at the box office and continue to resonate in our company today. Zootopia. We're building Zootopia land. As we speak in Shanghai.

Note. That would be Shanghai Disneyland, another Bob Iger accomplishment that opened in 2016. This was all the result of the Pixar acquisition. And Steve became our largest shareholder. And a good friend.

And someone that was of enormous help to me. As a new CEO And even as a person. So

No, I wouldn't do anything differently. I I you know, of course I only wish Steve lived longer. The ripple effect of the Pixar acquisition is still felt today. Because it laid the groundwork for everything Bob just described. But it also laid the groundwork for future acquisitions that would give Disney even greater brand reach.

Let's go to Marvel next. What led you to To now I'm gonna go after Marvel. After Pixar Kevin Mayer and Tom Stags. Tom was our CFO and Kevin was our Head of strategy.

And I put together a acquisition targets list. We said, Okay, we've done this and it's worked. What could be next? We know we declared ourselves good at this. For all we knew at the time, it could have been our last good one. And the two top names on the list were Marvel and Lucas film. They both kind of

Fit the mold, which is high quality branded content. You have these avid fans all over the world. It's almost a religion to people. My thought was in looking at Marvel, they have thousands of characters. We kept counting, we lost track at one point. We went in our first pitch to the board, hey, we can buy four thousand characters. No, it's six thousand. No, it's I think almost eight thousand characters. And stories you can tell and were being told for a lot of them forever.

Endless, endless. But Marvel, which was fairly successful at the time, although they only released one film. I think it was

All right, man. Maybe Hulk too, but They weren't being managed as a brand. That mentality didn't exist at Marvel. And I thought, Wow, let's

Bring them into Disney, give them the resources, distribution, marketing, and the capital to make more films and higher quality. And put a spotlight on that brand. Amp it up. Not small Marvel, big Marvel. And anything you make that's Marvel Remind people it's Marvel. Not Disney. And not anything else.

And that's what we did. Strategically. Bob's vision for the brand made perfect sense. Marvel and their five to eight thousand characters would provide Disney with endless opportunities to reach out to new fan bases with high quality branded content. And Disney would give Marvel the magnified platform of resources to create more of it.

Much. Much more. Just like with Pixar. Each entity had something to offer the other. But also just like with Pixar.

Marvel's leadership would have to be convinced. Took me a while to get a meeting with the principal. Ike Prolmutter, who was the controlling shareholder. Public company. He was intrigued with Disney for a few reasons.

One is I think he took all stock. As did Steve. And I said, Look, Steve Jobs has done pretty well And I got Steve Jobs on the phone with him. It's worth underlining.

Though there was literally no better person on the planet. to be your surrogate and close the deal for you. Than Steve Jobs. Steve said, Bob's been a great steward of the Pixar brand and people I couldn't have anybody better as a partner and I really trust him here. By the way, he hated comic books. He thought they were frivolous. He told me that when I first brought up the idea of Marvel, he said, What do you want that for? And I had to explain I

Remember we were in his conference room at Apple and we're at a whiteboard. I started writing down as many characters as I could remember. So you have any idea? Anyway, um Ike said yes. We announced that deal in the summer of two thousand and nine, three years after Pixar and The rest is history.

The success of this merger. doesn't need to be explained if you have been anywhere near a movie theater or streaming platform since that date in 2009. Disney released its first Marvel movie in twenty twelve. And as of last year, produced fifteen more. With many more on the way.

That was a four billion dollar acquisition. If you were a Marvel shareholder and stayed with Disney and you got Disney shares at twenty eight and it's now a hundred and forty. That's not bad, but More than anything, if you cared about Marvel, Marvel has never been You know, more relevant, more successful.

cinematic universe and the franchises we've created and The pipeline is as rich as it's ever been. The Marvel Cinematic Universe is so rich, it is known by three letters. M C U. It has its own timeline and message boards and devotees at Comic Con.

Pre-Disney, Marvel Comics had devoted fans. But they were a niche group. Now the Avengers are on track to become as well known as Mickey Mouse. And comic book movies are winning Oscars and galvanizing entire communities. As with the movie Black Panther.

So I think I read in time. That you viewed Black Panther to be one of your top Five career successes. Is that true? Very true. A career success for me.

is one, it's true success artistically, it's success commercially. And it's that unbelievably powerful moment where you bring something out to the world. And you feel the world reacting in visceral positive Ways. That's what Black Panther was.

By the way, I didn't make it. Ryan Coogler made it and a bunch of brilliant people. I think anything that becomes You know, so part of a culture. Both not only of today, but long lasting. Is a real measure of success. This is a sad moment, but

The impact that Chadwick Bozeman's death hat on the world. Unfortunately, reminded us of how enormously successful. he was and how enormously successful Black Panther was. Yes.

And I didn't realize even appreciate that as much. Until then. Yep. No, indeed, I had that same reflection. When I was reading the unhappy news.

The MCU has grown an exponentially greater reach. But it hasn't become disnified in the old Times Square sense. There is plenty of distinction between Marvel And classic Disney. There has to be to keep each brand strong, identifiable.

and clear. I learned over time that even though the press and the street kinda put our names together, Marvel a division of Disney. The consumer looks at Marvel as Marvel and Disney is Disney and Pixar as Pixar and Star Wars is Star Wars. And we manage them well when we bring'em to market.

When done properly, a company like Disney can treat acquisitions like assembling their very own Avengers squad. Each one has their own unique powers and things that make them special. You should be able to tell Black Widow apart from the Hulk. But ultimately, they operate under one banner. Even if he isn't named Bruce.

and work together toward a larger goal. Which brings us to the third and the trifacta of acquisitions that will be forever associated with Bob's time as CEO. It takes a little guts, particularly to say to someone like George Lucas, Do you want to sell your baby? It was now two thousand twelve.

Bob had been CO for seven years. And the last two acquisitions had gone swimmingly. After we bought Pixar and I talked to Steve about what's next and I brought up Marvel, I brought up Lucas film too. He knew George well because he bought Pixar from George. And he said, Well, at some point we should all get together and talk about it. I don't know whether George would sell or not, but

You certainly should make the pitch. But Steve died before we had a chance to Arrange that meeting. I think a lot of people thought nah George will never sell. I've talked to Ruper Murdoch about it because Fox

Distributed all the Star Wars movies, if if any studio had a relationship with George, it was Fox. And no one ever brought it up there. I think he kicked himself for that.

There had been Star Wars attractions at Disney's theme parks since nineteen eighty seven. Meaning it was already a small part of the Disney ecosystem. It already fit in perfectly with the brand. But Lucas himself was still very much the head of Lucasfilm, with no indication that he wanted that to change. I looked at a schedule and there was a reopening of a Star Wars experience at Disney World.

That I heard George was coming down to cut the ribbon for. And I thought, well, I wouldn't typically do that, but I made sure I was there and I had breakfast with him. I said, George, what's gonna happen to Lucas when you go? And he said to me If I ever sold to anyone, it would be to you.

give him the hard sell, but I said, Well, if you are ever interested or ready I would certainly be interested in talking to you. That was it. It was as subtle as that.

I don't know if that's not a good thing. It was subtle enough. Because what happened next Nothing. I said nothing. I did nothing. I didn't call him.

He called me and I I don't know, six months later. Say, can I come down and talk about what we talked about at breakfast? That's right. Six months after Bob proposed an unthinkable sale, George Lucas was back. and pitching the idea to Bob.

That began the negotiation. That was a little harder because It was so part of who George is as a person. Mm-hmm. Parting with it was not exactly what he had in mind.

particularly when it became a reality. I remember sitting in my office signing a contract and I could feel the tension in him and and a lot of empathy for him. The empathy Bob felt for George Lucas in that moment was actually why George had trusted him in the first place. Bob knew how valuable Star Wars was. Not just as a way to sell rides or toys or movie tickets.

But as a celebrated mythology. He didn't want. To disnify it. He wanted to reinforce it. If you watch a Star Wars film, that logo that comes up at the beginning is Lucas film.

You don't see Disney there. Because I wanted to be Respectful of the fans and what the brand meant to them individually. Let it be what it is. That respect of mission.

Legacy. and fans made Disney an ideal buyer for Lucasfilm. and made Lucasfilm a truly epic acquisition. But that isn't quite the end of the story. We had a bit of a

debate about control and I told them we couldn't spend four billion dollars in keep control in his hands'cause it wasn't responsible. That's next time. on masters of scale. I'm Reed Hoffman.

Thanks for listening. Masters of Scale is a White What original. The show is recorded remotely with sanitized audio gear. Our executive producers are June Cullen and Darren Treff. Our supervising producer is Jay Punjabi. Our producers are Jordan McCloud, Adam Skuse.

Catherine Clark Gray, Hallie Bondi. Marie McCoy Thompson Christina Gonzalez and Chris McCloud. Our editor at large is Bob Sapian. Our music director is Ryan Holliday.

Original music and sound design by Daniel Nissenbaum. Audio editing by Keith J. Nelson. Steven Davies and Andrew Knoll. Mixing and Mastering by Brian Pugh. Special thanks to Chris Sha, Elisa Schreiber, David Sanford.

Say it's a piada. Adam Heiner. Emily McManus. Kelsey Capitano. Tim Cronin.

Sarah Sandman. Carrie Goldstein. Anna Pizzano. Mina Corsala. Charlie Menesis and Colin Howarth

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